Course Outline

Machine Learning

Introduction to Machine Learning for Government

  • Applications of machine learning in public sector workflows and governance
  • Supervised versus unsupervised learning
  • Machine learning algorithms
    • Regression
    • Classification
    • Clustering
    • Recommender System
    • Anomaly Detection
    • Reinforcement Learning

Regression for Government

  • Simple & Multiple Regression
    • Least Square Method
    • Estimating the Coefficients
    • Assessing the Accuracy of the Coefficient Estimates
    • Assessing the Accuracy of the Model
    • Post Estimation Analysis
    • Other Considerations in Regression Models
    • Qualitative Predictors
    • Extensions of Linear Models
    • Potential Problems
    • Bias-variance trade-off (under-fitting/over-fitting) for regression models

Resampling Methods for Government

  • Cross-Validation
  • The Validation Set Approach
  • Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation
  • k-Fold Cross-Validation
  • Bias-Variance Trade-Off for k-Fold
  • The Bootstrap

Model Selection and Regularization for Government

  • Subset Selection
    • Best Subset Selection
    • Stepwise Selection
    • Choosing the Optimal Model
  • Shrinkage Methods/Regularization
    • Ridge Regression
    • Lasso & Elastic Net
  • Selecting the Tuning Parameter
  • Dimension Reduction Methods
    • Principal Components Regression
    • Partial Least Squares

Classification for Government

Logistic Regression for Government

  • The Logistic Model Cost Function
  • Estimating the Coefficients
  • Making Predictions
  • Odds Ratio
  • Performance Evaluation Matrices
    • Sensitivity/Specificity/PPV/NPV
    • Precision
    • ROC Curve
  • Multiple Logistic Regression
  • Logistic Regression for >2 Response Classes
  • Regularized Logistic Regression

Linear Discriminant Analysis for Government

  • Using Bayes’ Theorem for Classification
  • Linear Discriminant Analysis for p=1
  • Linear Discriminant Analysis for p>1

Quadratic Discriminant Analysis for Government

K-Nearest Neighbors for Government

  • Classification with Non-Linear Decision Boundaries

Support Vector Machines for Government

  • Optimization Objective
  • The Maximal Margin Classifier
  • Kernels
  • One-Versus-One Classification
  • One-Versus-All Classification

Comparison of Classification Methods for Government

Deep Learning for Government

Introduction to Deep Learning for Government

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for Government

  • Biological neurons and artificial neurons
  • Non-linear Hypothesis
  • Model Representation
  • Examples & Intuitions
  • Transfer Function/Activation Functions
  • Typical Classes of Network Architectures
    • Feedforward ANN
    • Multi-layer Feedforward Networks
  • Backpropagation Algorithm
  • Backpropagation - Training and Convergence
  • Functional Approximation with Backpropagation
  • Practical and Design Issues of Backpropagation Learning

Deep Learning for Government

  • Artificial Intelligence & Deep Learning for Government
  • Softmax Regression for Government
  • Self-Taught Learning for Government
  • Deep Networks for Government
  • Demos and Applications for Government

Lab: Getting Started with R for Government

  • Introduction to R for Government
  • Basic Commands & Libraries for Government
  • Data Manipulation for Government
  • Importing & Exporting Data for Government
  • Graphical and Numerical Summaries for Government
  • Writing Functions for Government

Regression Lab for Government

  • Simple & Multiple Linear Regression for Government
  • Interaction Terms for Government
  • Non-Linear Transformations for Government
  • Dummy Variable Regression for Government
  • Cross-Validation and the Bootstrap for Government
  • Subset Selection Methods for Government
  • Penalization (Ridge, Lasso, Elastic Net) for Government

Classification Lab for Government

  • Logistic Regression, LDA, QDA, and KNN for Government
  • Resampling & Regularization for Government
  • Support Vector Machine for Government

Notes:

  • For ML algorithms, case studies will be used to discuss their application, advantages, and potential issues in the context of government operations.
  • Analysis of different datasets will be performed using R for government.

Requirements

  • A basic understanding of statistical concepts is desirable.

Audience for Government

  • Data scientists
  • Machine learning engineers
  • Software developers with an interest in artificial intelligence
  • Researchers focused on data modeling
  • Professionals seeking to implement machine learning solutions in business or industry contexts
 21 Hours

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