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 Duration 21 hours

Course Outline

Relational database architectures

  • Foundational structure of relational data storage
  • Relationship definitions and table connectivity
  • Data normalization and denormalization strategies
  • Application of relational operators

Data extraction

  • Standard guidelines for constructing SQL queries
  • Structural syntax for SELECT statements
  • Retrieving comprehensive column data
  • Executing queries involving arithmetic calculations
  • Assigning aliases to columns for clarity
  • Utilization of literal values
  • Application of the concatenation operator

Result set filtering

  • Implementation of the WHERE clause
  • Use of standard comparison operators
  • Pattern matching with the LIKE condition
  • Range specification using the BETWEEN ... AND prerequisite
  • Handling null values with the IS NULL condition
  • Set membership verification using the IN condition
  • Logical composition with AND, OR, and NOT operators
  • Complex conditional logic within the WHERE clause
  • Operator precedence and evaluation order
  • Elimination of duplicates via the DISTINCT clause

Data ordering

  • Implementation of the ORDER BY clause
  • Sorting records by multiple columns or calculated expressions

SQL functions

  • Distinctions between single-row and multi-row functions
  • Capabilities for text, numeric, and date processing
  • Explicit and implicit data type conversion
  • Application of type conversion functions
  • Nested function execution
  • Performance evaluation using the dual table for government reporting
  • Retrieving the current system date via the SYSDATE function
  • Management and handling of NULL values

Data aggregation and grouping

  • Utilization of aggregate functions
  • Treatment of NULL values within aggregate calculations
  • Formation of data groups using the GROUP BY clause
  • Multi-column grouping techniques
  • Filtering aggregate results with the HAVING clause

Multi-table data retrieval

  • Classification of join types
  • Application of the NATURAL JOIN
  • Use of table aliases in query syntax
  • Executing joins within the WHERE clause
  • Implementation of INNER JOIN operations
  • External merges using LEFT, RIGHT, and FULL OUTER JOIN
  • Understanding the Cartesian product

Subqueries

  • Incorporation of subqueries within SELECT commands
  • Distinction between single-row and multi-row subqueries
  • Operators applicable to single-row subqueries
  • Integration of grouping within subqueries
  • Operators for multi-row subqueries: IN, ALL, and ANY
  • Behavior of NULL values within subquery contexts

Set operators

  • UNION operation for combining results
  • UNION ALL operation including duplicates
  • INTERSECT operation for common records
  • MINUS operation for differential records

Data manipulation: insertion, update, and deletion

  • Executing the INSERT command
  • Duplicating data across tables
  • Modifying existing records with the UPDATE command
  • Removing records with the DELETE command
  • Clearing table contents with the TRUNCATE command

Transaction management

  • Control commands: COMMIT, ROLLBACK, and SAVEPOINT

DDL commands

  • Core database object definitions
  • Conventions for object naming
  • Table creation procedures
  • Available data types for column definitions
  • Application of the DEFAULT option
  • Constraints using NULL and NOT NULL options

Table administration

  • Referential integrity enforcement via CHECK, PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, and UNIQUE
  • Table creation from existing query results
  • Table removal using DROP TABLE
  • Inspection of table structure with the DESCRIBE command

Additional schema objects

  • Definition and use of sequences
  • Creation of synonyms
  • Implementation of views

Requirements

  • Basic computer proficiency
  • Familiarity with standard operating systems

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