OWASP Top 10 2025 Training Course

A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
A02:2025 - Security Misconfiguration
A03:2025 - Software Supply Chain Failures
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
A05:2025 - Injection
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures
A09:2025 - Security Logging and Alerting Failures
A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions

A01:2025 Broken Access Control - Access control mechanisms enforce defined policies to ensure that users operate strictly within their authorized permission scopes. Deficiencies in this area typically result in unauthorized disclosure, alteration, or destruction of data, or the execution of business functions beyond the user’s designated authority.

A02:2025 Security Misconfiguration - Security misconfiguration occurs when systems, applications, or cloud services are improperly configured from a security standpoint, thereby creating exploitable vulnerabilities.

A03:2025 Software Supply Chain Failures - Software supply chain failures refer to breakdowns or compromises within the processes of building, distributing, or updating software. These incidents are frequently caused by vulnerabilities or malicious alterations in third-party code, tools, or other dependencies upon which the system relies.

A04:2025 Cryptographic Failures - Generally, all data in transit must be encrypted at the transport layer (OSI layer 4). Historical barriers, such as CPU performance limitations and private key/certificate management, have been addressed through CPUs equipped with instructions designed to accelerate encryption (e.g., AES support) and simplified private key and certificate management services, such as Let's Encrypt.org, alongside more tightly integrated certificate management services provided by major cloud vendors. Beyond securing the transport layer, it is imperative to determine which data requires encryption at rest and which data necessitates additional encryption in transit (at the application layer, OSI layer 7). For instance, passwords, credit card numbers, health records, personal information, and business secrets require enhanced protection, particularly when such data falls under privacy laws, such as the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), or regulations like the PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).

A05:2025 Injection - An injection vulnerability is a system flaw that enables an attacker to insert malicious code or commands (such as SQL or shell code) into a program’s input fields, causing the system to execute these commands as if they were legitimate parts of the application. This can lead to severe operational and security consequences.

A06:2025 Insecure Design - Insecure design is a broad category representing various weaknesses, characterized as “missing or ineffective control design.” Insecure design is not the sole source for all other Top Ten risk categories. Note that there is a distinction between insecure design and insecure implementation. We differentiate between design flaws and implementation defects for specific reasons: they have different root causes, occur at different stages in the development process, and require different remediation approaches. A secure design can still suffer from implementation defects that lead to exploitable vulnerabilities. Conversely, an insecure design cannot be corrected by a perfect implementation, as the necessary security controls were never created to defend against specific attacks. A contributing factor to insecure design is the lack of business risk profiling inherent in the software or system being developed, resulting in a failure to determine the required level of security design.

A07:2025 Authentication Failures - This vulnerability is present when an attacker can trick a system into recognizing an invalid or incorrect user as legitimate.

A08:2025 Software or Data Integrity Failures - Software and data integrity failures relate to code and infrastructure that fails to protect against invalid or untrusted code or data being treated as trusted and valid. An example of this is when an application relies upon plugins, libraries, or modules from untrusted sources, repositories, and content delivery networks (CDNs). An insecure CI/CD pipeline that does not consume or provide software integrity checks can introduce the potential for unauthorized access, insecure or malicious code, or system compromise. Another example is a CI/CD process that pulls code or artifacts from untrusted sources and/or fails to verify them before use (e.g., by checking signatures or similar mechanisms).

A09:2025 Security Logging & Alerting Failures - Without robust logging and monitoring, attacks and breaches cannot be detected, and without effective alerting, it is difficult to respond quickly and effectively during a security incident. Insufficient logging, continuous monitoring, detection, and alerting to initiate active responses can occur at any time.

A10:2025 Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions - Mishandling exceptional conditions in software occurs when programs fail to prevent, detect, and respond to unusual and unpredictable situations, leading to crashes, unexpected behavior, and potential vulnerabilities. This involves one or more of the following deficiencies: the application does not prevent an unusual situation from occurring, it does not identify the situation as it happens, and/or it responds poorly or not at all to the situation afterwards.

We will discuss and present practical aspects of:

Broken Access Control
- Practical examples of broken access controls
- Secure access controls and best practices

Security Misconfiguration
- Real-world examples of misconfigurations
- Steps to prevent misconfiguration, including configuration management and automation tools

Cryptographic Failures
- Detailed analysis of cryptographic failures, such as weak encryption algorithms or improper key management
- Importance of strong cryptographic mechanisms, secure protocols (SSL/TLS), and examples of modern cryptography in web security

Injection Attacks
- Detailed breakdown of SQL, NoSQL, OS, and LDAP injection
- Mitigation techniques using prepared statements, parameterized queries, and input escaping

Insecure Design
- Exploration of design flaws that can lead to vulnerabilities, such as improper input validation
- Study of strategies for secure architecture and secure design principles

Authentication Failures
- Common authentication issues
- Secure authentication strategies, including multi-factor authentication and proper session handling

Software and Data Integrity Failures
- Focus on issues such as untrusted software updates and data tampering
- Safe update mechanisms and data integrity checks

Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
- Importance of logging security-relevant information and monitoring for suspicious activities
- Tools and practices for proper logging and real-time monitoring to detect breaches early